Organizational Behavior - Leading and Motivating Iranian Employees Essay

Organizational Behavior - Leading and Motivating Iranian Employees - Essay Example Rial has depreciated significantly hence first raw materials are more expensive to purchase and the customers expect no changes in price and quality of final products. If you charge them more they will go to your competitors. If you don’t charge them more for your expenses, you will not earn your overheads and the company will go bankrupt. Beside sanction there are internal and external factors that affect Dorna Company and its employees. This paper will discuss why money in Iran is the most important incentive and motivator for workers, if there are any other factors that motivate an Iranian worker and how can we lead them in order to achieve organizational goals. Salary is one of the main factors that motivate employees’ performance in an organization. While in other countries like Switzerland, employees tend to also care for other criteria in a job aside from money - vacations (Keller) and days-of etc.higher positions (Staff), etc - for Iranian employees it with easy to get motivated once salary is raised or rewarded by more money as a bonus or commission. But imagine if this system goes on each time a manager wants to motivate his employees or encourage them to do a task. Dorna is a printing company, which has been running for 35 years. Dorna became one of the most famous and reliable printing companies in Tehran and its success was derived from two main factors. First the use of up-to-date high technology equipment imported from Germany, plus the well trained team of staff who was sent to Europe to get their education and certificates in the printing field. These last years because of sanction (Denis Balibouse) and limitations in importing and exporting, the company faced some new problems. Workers are not motivated anymore. The first raw material for printing machines is not available as before, therefore the company is unable to perform a routine. The prices are not as cheap as the period before the sanctions since the Iranian Rial has depreciated

Why Academic Wring Is Different Fom Other Uses of English Essay Example for Free

Why Academic Wring Is Different Fom Other Uses of English Essay Academic writing is employed when writing text in school and other formal organizations. It requires a specific formal structure that makes it unique. It is also important to use standard english. It is concise, simple and straight to the point. It usually focuses on an idea which can then be expanded to or explained in more detail. Academic writing should be independent, objective, comprehensive, and critical. It is very important to note punctuation marks and insert them appropriately. Whereas other styles of writing do not require any of such rules above, they are flexible and can be written in a form the author sees fit. Writing academically is usually intended for literate and informed audience. The information written is based on careful research and deductive reasoning on the topic so that there is evidence supporting your claim. The ideas should be comprehensible and easy to decipher. Unlike other forms of english, which is written for everybody, is structured and written carefully. Formal standard english is the only language allowed to be used in the academic style of writing. Informal aspects of english must be avoided to fully differentiate between academic standards and other forms of english. Academic writers are encouraged to write everything in its full form, avoid unnecessary abbreviations and the use of personal language. Grammar is also very important when writing academically. Academic writing basically requires a person to write complete sentences, starting each one with a capital letter and not using slangs. The writer should also be able to use complete homophones which are often confused example is their and there. Being able to write correctly the commonly misspelled words using standard english. Writers must also be able to create a paragraph starting with a topic sentence.  In conclusion, other forms of english are usually informal and grammar rules do not apply to them.

The Beast Fable and Romance in the Nuns Priests Tale Essay -- Nuns Pri

The Beast Fable and Romance in the Nun's Priest Tale Chaucer utilized many literary forms when composing his Canterbury Tales. Among these forms he utilized were the beast fable and romance. We find elements of both of these forms in the Nun's Priest's Tale. Yet Chaucer was a decidingly original poet. When he took these forms he made them his. He often diverged from the accepted norms to come up with stories that were familiar to the fourteenth century reader yet also original. First let us look at the use of beast fable and how Chaucer diverged from tradition. One significant difference is that there is almost no human interaction with the animals. We have a brief description of the human inhabitants of the farm and then they disappear until the end. The true "humans" are the animals themselves as they possess almost total human qualities. For example, Chauntecleer and Pertelote are a "married" couple and bicker as humans. They also "love" each other. "He loved hir so that wel was him terwith" (VII. 2876). Most striking is the logical analysis both chickens are capable...

Eulogy: Love and Long Remember Desdemona

I would like to start by thanking Desdemona’s family who have travelled from Venice to be here today, and to all her loyal friends here in Cyprus for your unwavering support during this difficult time. Many of you may be offended by my appearance here today, but to that I will say, I was blinded by my intense love for Desdemona and that love is as strong now as it was the day I married her. We will all long remember Desdemona as a generous and devoted wife and friend. She had a childlike spirit that could shine light into the darkest day. As Desdemona’s husband I loved and wanted to show her how much she meant to me, and in that I failed. She was a very significant person to all of us here, along with so many others. She was such an intrinsic part in each of our lives that it will be long before she is ever forgotten. As her husband, we shared a relationship which was from the start one of loyalty and trust.. As a young and exquisitely beautiful woman she was also accused of many things that I now come to believe untrue. Desdemona was born on 22 April 1603 in Venice to senator, Brabantio, with whom she is now reunited. She was a humble woman who was hard-working, faithful and had a very strong belief in God. Today we mournfully remember the naive Desdemona and the sadistic death she suffered, at my hands. As we are saddened by Desdemona’s passing it is difficult for us to think of continuing life without her. Today we to reflect upon my darling Desdemona’s life and the virtues, achievements and qualities she showed us day by day. She was admired by both men and women for her trusting nature, her intelligence, loyalty to both myself and her father. Desdemona was one to always see the good in others and support them no matter what. Like many here today she was a woman, but through no fault of her own; she customarily received unfair treatment. I treated her unfairly a way no person should be treated i should have trusted her as she would trust me. A friend would tell me how women are manipulative and were seductresses. However Desdemona was the complete opposite She was pure, and kind hearted. Desdemona was devoted and truly submissive to her father. She only did defy him once in her life an that was when she said i do to me. And her husband as long as she lived. When she was nearing the end of her life, I am saddened to say that she was accused of many things, things which I should have known not to be true. Such a quiet and unassuming person, the sweet Desdemona deserved much better treatment than this and this is where I failed her. She never seemed to cease in amazing me, even though she had been through so much she still maintained a forgiving and positive attitude towards life. Desdemona has gone home now, guided by her faith and by the light of those whom she has loved and lost. She will be forever remembered for her kind and loving soul. As Desdemona leaves us broken-hearted with her passing, we can be thankful for the memories she has left in our hearts. My hope is that she forgives the role I had to play in her demise, as a man blinded by trust I listened when I should have felt with my heart, I believed the words of another when I always knew the truth within myself. I did not understand the ways of women i was rather accustomed only to the battlefield and the world of men. I will have to endure life without her because of my mistakes and my blindness. God Bless Desdemona and may she rest in perpetual peace.

AS Music: Baroque Ensemble Music

Music History Project 4: Baroque ensemble music: 1. What is meant by rounded form? Discuss its origins and main sections. Why was repetition so important for Baroque composers? Rounded form is where the opening passage in the tonic key keeps coming back around, the most common pattern generally being ABACA. The A section is called the refrain or rounded and the non-A passages are called episodes or couplets. The rounded form originated in France, and was first the name of a medieval song with a repeating pattern.Later composers n the Classical era preferred to use the Italian spelling of the word, rondo. Repetition in Baroque music was important for composers and audiences, because composers of the Baroque era often wrote vast amounts of music as part of their employment, so were almost forced to adopt such time saving methods. Audiences of the Baroque era also were not able to fast forward, rewind or replay parts of music like we can today, so repetition allowed the audience to stay on track, and not lose the plot of the piece. 2.The binary form in Baroque music: describe the structure and comment on analogy as would occur in the different sections: A vast amount of Baroque pieces, especially ones based on dances, are in binary form, which is music where there are two distinctly separate sections, each usually repeated. The letters ABA are often used to describe binary form in music. The two sections might be similar in length, or the second might be longer than the first. In binary form, section A usually begins in the tonic key, and then ends in another key, often the dominant, or if the starting key is minor, for instance, section A might end in its relative major.Section B, however, usually goes through keys not previously heard in the piece, and then ends in the tonic key. 3. Compare and contrast Baroque instrumental music with that of the Renaissance : Instrumental music was much more important and plentiful in the Baroque period than it had previously b een, when the majority of music was vocal. The improved instrument technology helped, and allowed and encouraged composers to develop genuinely instrumental ways of writing. Much of the Renaissance period music was written for voices only, and some Renaissance style music for instruments is very vocal in its character.The more vocal styles of Renaissance music, contrasting with the instrumental music of the Baroque period is the main difference between the two. 4. In paragraphs of approximately 75 words summaries information on the following Baroque instrumental families: Strings Woodwind Brass Keyboard Strings: The first Violins, Violas and Cellos were made in Italy in the late 16th century. For some time, these instruments, called the Violin family, were used alongside instruments from the Viol family, but gradually overtook them in popularity.The Baroque bow was straight or arch shaped rather than inward curving as today, the ridge was marginally lower, and its curve shallower, w hich in turn made multiple stopping easier. The neck bent back at a slightly larger angle, and with the lower bridge, therefore put the strings at a lower tension, making the sound less powerful. Woodwind: Recorders were heavily used throughout the Baroque period, the most commonly used type being f alto (treble). Recorders fell out of use after the Baroque period, coming back into use in the late 20th century.Baroque flutes were normally made out of wood, with finger holes and Just one key for a hard to reach bass note. The done flutes lacked some of the sound quality of modern metal ones; they could not reach such high notes, and were held sideways. Oboe players produced sound, the same as they still do to this day, by blowing between two reeds. The Baroque oboe developed from the Shawn, a more powerful, even harsh instrument, which was often played outdoors. In some Baroque pieces, oboes doubled (played the same parts as) violins, but they sometimes had solo roles.Brass: Trumpets in Baroque music were often connected with royal and military ceremonies, and were therefore regarded as a special instrument. They had no valves, so different notes were played by the musician using different lip pressures. Early brass instruments without valves are called ‘natural'. Trombones were largely favored in Venice in the early sass's, mainly in ceremonial music for performance in church. Baroque trombones were less powerful than modern ones, so could therefore be better combined with softer instruments. To distinguish modern from Baroque instruments, the latter are mainly known as ‘sackbuts', or ‘sackbuts'.Horns are found in some later Baroque pieces, including Bach's Brandenburg concerto No. , which includes a horn called corn dad acacia, (Italian for ‘hunting horn'). The corona dad acacia shared the rounded shape of the modern horn, but lacked valves and had a lighter, brighter sound, and was often used in high pitched sections of pieces. Keyboa rd: Harpsichords are keyboard instruments which have strings that are mechanically plucked when the keys are pressed. Harpsichords from the Baroque period vary in tone and construction from country to country.Clavichords are keyboard instruments that have strings which are hit by tangents' when the keys, which have a seesaw like action, are pressed. In the Baroque period, Clavichords were used mainly in Germany. They had a quiet sound, which therefore made them inappropriate for use at big public concerts, but ideal for making music at home. Unlike Harpsichords, Clavichords were touch sensitive, and in this way, along with the hammer sound production, they were like modern pianos. Organs varied vastly in their size, construction and tone. German organs commonly had two or more manuals and pedals.English organs, on the other hand, normally had no pedals and rarely more than one manual. 5. What is meant by ‘retooling? Retooling form is the form that many late Baroque pieces, esp ecially those from concertos, are in. The form is similar to Rounded, but more sophisticated. An opening passage is heard on two or more occasions throughout the piece, but not always necessarily in full, with other passages in between. These so called ‘in between' passages, sometimes a lot longer than the riotousness, are called ‘episodes' and are often for fewer instruments. A retooling can also be an instrumental passage within a vocal piece. . Describe briefly the structure off typical Baroque suite: There is no axed pattern of movement in Baroque suites, but later examples included the following dances, in this order: Allemande: usually moderate speed or fairly slow, in 4/4 time, with a short upbeat and plenty of gentle semiquaver movement. Current: quick or fairly quick, in 3/4 or 3/2 Serenade: slow triple time, usually 3/4, often with the second beat of the bar emphasizes. Segue; quick and lively, usually in a compound time such as 12/8 7. Explain how Baroque comp osers would expand on the dances that would appear in a suite.What changes would they bring into their music? Dances are generally in binary form, but composers sometimes extended their work in one of the following ways: Two dances of the same kind (both binary) appear in the order first dance, second dance, first dance repeated, producing a kind of ternary (ABA) structure. Two versions of a single dance are given, the first ‘plain', the second with much more ornamentation added. Some modern performers play the plain dance complete, with both sections repeated and then the double similarly. Baroque composers may have sometimes played either the plain dance or the double, not both.

Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu, Anti-Apartheid Activist

Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu, Anti-Apartheid Activist Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu (May 18, 1912–May 5, 2003) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and co-founder of the African National Congress (ANC) Youth League. He served in prison for 25 years on Robben Island, alongside Nelson Mandela, and he was the second post-apartheid deputy president of the ANC, after Mandela. Fast Facts: Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu Known For:  South African anti-apartheid activist, co-founder of the ANC Youth League, served 25 years alongside Nelson Mandela, post-apartheid deputy president of the ANCAlso Known As:  Walter SisuluBorn:  May 18, 1912 in the eNgcobo area of Transkei, South AfricaParents: Alice Sisulu and Victor DickensonDied:  May 5, 2003 in Johannesburg, South AfricaEducation: Local Anglican Missionary Institute, earned a Bachelors degree while imprisoned on Robben IslandPublished Works: I Will Go Singing:  Walter Sisulu Speaks of His Life and the Struggle for Freedom in South AfricaAwards and Honors: Isitwalandwe SeaparankoeSpouse: Albertina Nontsikelelo TotiweChildren: Max, Anthony Mlungisi, Zwelakhe, Lindiwe, Nonkululeko; adopted children: Jongumzi, Gerald, Beryl, and Samuel  Notable Quote: The people are our strength. In their service we shall face and conquer those who live on the backs of our people. In the history of mankind it is a law of life that problems arise when the condi tions are there for their solution. Early Life Walter Sisulu was born in the eNgcobo area of Transkei on May 18, 1912 (the same year the forerunner of the ANC was formed). Sisulus father was a visiting white foreman supervising a black road-gang and his mother was a local Xhosa woman. Sisulu was raised by his mother and uncle, the local headman. Walter Sisulus mixed heritage and lighter skin were influential in his early social development. He felt distanced from his peers and rejected the deferential attitude his family showed toward South Africas white administration. Sisulu attended the local Anglican Missionary Institute but dropped out in 1927 at age 15 while in fourth grade to find work at a Johannesburg dairy- to help support his family. He returned to the Transkei later that year to attend the Xhosa initiation ceremony and achieve adult status. Working Life and Early Activism During the 1930s, Walter Sisulu had several different jobs: gold miner, domestic worker, factory hand, kitchen worker, and bakers assistant. Through the Orlando Brotherly Society, Sisulu investigated his Xhosa tribal history and debated black economic independence in South Africa. Walter Sisulu was an active trade unionist- he was fired from his bakery job in 1940 for organizing a strike for higher wages. He spent the next two years trying to develop his own real estate agency. In 1940, Sisulu joined the African National Congress (ANC) and allied with those pressing for black African nationalism and actively opposing black involvement in World War II. He gained a reputation as a street vigilante, patrolling his townships streets with a knife. He also obtained his first jail sentence- for punching a train conductor when he confiscated a black mans rail pass. Leadership in the ANC and Founding of the Youth League In the early 1940s, Walter Sisulu developed a talent for leadership and organization and was awarded an executive post in the Transvaal division of the ANC. It was also at this time that he met Albertina Nontsikelelo Totiwe, whom he married in 1944. In the same year, Sisulu, along with his wife and friends Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela, formed the ANC Youth League; Sisulu was elected as treasurer. Through the Youth League, Sisulu, Tambo, and Mandela greatly influenced the ANC. When DF Malans  Herenigde Nationale Party  (HNP, Re-united National Party) won the 1948 election, the ANC reacted. By the end of 1949, Sisulus programme of action was adopted and he was elected as secretary-general (a position he retained until 1954). Arrest and Rise to Prominence As one of the organizers of the 1952 Defiance campaign (in collaboration with the South African Indian Congress and the South African Communist Party) Sisulu was arrested under the Suppression of Communism Act. With his 19 co-accused, he was sentenced to nine months hard labor suspended for two years. The political power of the Youth League within the ANC had increased to the stage that they could push for their candidate for president, Chief Albert Luthuli, to be elected. In December 1952, Sisulu was also re-elected as secretary-general. Adoption of Multi-Racial Government Advocacy In 1953, Walter Sisulu spent five months touring Eastern Bloc countries (the Soviet Union and Romania), Israel, China, and Great Britain. His experiences abroad led to a reversal of his black nationalist stance. Sisulu had especially noted the Communist commitment to social development in the USSR but disliked Stalinist rule. Sisulu became an advocate for multi-racial government in South Africa rather than an African nationalistic, blacks-only policy. Banned and Arrested Sisulus increasingly active role in the anti-apartheid struggle led to his repeated banning under the Suppression of Communism Act. In 1954, no longer able to attend public meetings, he resigned as secretary-general and was forced to work in secret. As a moderate, Sisulu was instrumental in organizing the 1955 Congress of People but was unable to participate in the actual event. The Apartheid government reacted by arresting 156 anti-Apartheid leaders in what became known as the  Treason Trial. Sisulu was one of 30 accused who remained under trial until March 1961. In the end, all 156 accused were acquitted. Forming Military Wing and Going Underground Following the  Sharpeville Massacre  in 1960, Sisulu, Mandela and several others formed  Umkonto we Sizwe  (MK, the Spear of the Nation)- the military wing of the ANC. During 1962 and 1963 Sisulu was arrested six times. Only the last arrest- in March 1963, for furthering the aims of the ANC and organizing the May 1961 stay-at-home protest- led to a conviction. Released on bail in April 1963, Sisulu went underground and joined up with the MK. While underground, he delivered weekly broadcasts via a secret ANC radio transmitter. Prison On July 11, 1963, Sisulu was among those arrested at Lilieslief Farm, the secret headquarters of the ANC, and placed in solitary confinement for 88 days. The lengthy Rivonia trial, which started in October 1963, lead to a sentence of life imprisonment (for planning acts of sabotage), handed down on June 12, 1964. Sisulu, Mandela, Govan Mbeki, and four others were sent to Robben Island. During his 25 years behind bars, Sisulu earned a Bachelors degree in art history and anthropology and read more than 100 biographies. In 1982, Sisulu was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison, Cape Town, after a medical examination at Groote Schuur Hospital. He was finally released in October 1989. Post-Apartheid Roles When the ANC was un-banned on February 2, 1990, Sisulu took a prominent role. He was elected deputy president in 1991 and was given the task of restructuring the ANC in South Africa. His biggest immediate challenge was to try to end the violence that erupted between the ANC and the Inkhata Freedom Party. Walter Sisulu finally retired on the eve of South Africas first multi-racial elections in 1994. Death Sisulu lived his last years in the same Soweto house that his family had taken in the 1940s. On May 5, 2003, only 13 days before his 91st birthday, Walter Sisulu died following a long period of ill health with Parkinsons Disease. He received a state funeral in Soweto on May 17, 2003. Legacy As a prominent anti-apartheid leader, Walter Sisulu changed the course of South African history. His advocacy for a multi-racial future for South Africa was one of his most enduring marks. Sources â€Å"Nelson Mandelas Tribute to Walter Sisulu.†Ã‚  BBC News, BBC, 6 May 2003.Beresford, David. â€Å"Obituary: Walter Sisulu.†Ã‚  The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 7 May 2003.Sisulu, Walter Max, George M. Houser,  Herb Shore. I Will Go Singing:  Walter Sisulu Speaks of His Life and the Struggle for Freedom in South Africa. Robben Island Museum in association with the Africa Fund, 2001.

Creating Shared Value Essays - Social Responsibility, Marketing

Creating Shared Value Essays - Social Responsibility, Marketing Bus 102 Sec 022 Creating Shared Value Shared value is a management strategy that focuses on firms creating business value. This concept is first introduced in the harvard Business article. The author states that there are three ways they we can create shared value. Creating shared value is a concept that is introduced in this article, the definition of creating shared value is the competitive of the firm and the health of our society around are mutually dependent to each other. According to the author, our society is under siege because all sorts of problems involving social, environmental, economic are been viewed as the consequence of business transactions. In recent years, more business has begun to embrace their corporate responsibility, and as a result, many business are been blamed for societys failures. The author explains that one of the biggest part of the problem is companies themselves have outdated approach to value creation. Because customer needs are usually been ignored and insightful thoughts regarding to long-term success are nearly non-existent, many companies fail their financial and societal expectations. The author suggests the solution to this problem lies in the principle of shared value. By creating economic value as well as creating economic value, we can obtain customers trusts and achieve a high societal status. Shared value is not social responsibility or philanthropy, but rather a new way to achieve economic success. Companies like Google, IBM, and Intel have already spent countless effort to create shared value. Government should learn how to regulate using shared value in order to promote a healthier society and increase national productivity. Profit factor should not be the most crucial factor in a cooperation, companies have to spend an equivalent amount of effort to the concept of shared value. Externality can be an factor that helps to create shared value for cooperations. Since the cooperation does not bear the responsibility of external factors such as pollution and global warming, society should exert its pressure by imposing taxes, regulation and penalties. By exerting pressure to corporations, they will internalize these externalities. The benefit of this type of approach can spread the idea shared value and usually does not necessarily raise costs for firms since they can always come up with new innovative technology and effective management in order to reduce the societal harms. The author thinks that the reason why many companies did not embrace the idea of shared value is because in the old time, business serve as the platform to contribute goods and services to society. The profit of the company supports employment, investments and government. This perspective serves as the permeated thinking for the last twenty years. Firms use different marketing strategies to pursue consumers to buy more of their products. As competitions of different firms become more and more fierce, managers becomes more and more morally corrupted. Society receives less and less benefits each time when they buy goods from firms. Companies that do not embrace the idea of shared value become corrupted. The process of creating shared value is also worth mentioning. Companies can create economic value by first achieving societal value. There are three ways to achieve societal value. First, by reconceiving products and markets. Firms must understand thoroughly what the product can bring to their customers and whether if the product can survive in the market. Second, redefining productivity in the value chain. The company should find an equilibrium state by producing a reasonable amount of products that suits the consumers demand. Third, building supportive industry clusters at the company's locations. Companies should product authentic and socially beneficial products to the society. A nice organized government have the right kind of regulation that can encourage companies to pursue shared value. Government regulations serve as the cornerstone for a well-functioning market. Regulations can set goals and stimulate innovations for shared value. Society goals such as regulating energy use, health matters ,or child safety can help companies to set their goals according to the standards. Since there are always competition in the market, companies will exceed their potentials and try to achieve more goals in order to be superior than their competitors. Despite many companies will likely to show compliance to well-constructed regulation, some old mind-set

Shopping in English Vocabulary

Shopping in English Vocabulary Use  polite questions  when shopping or helping a customer in a shop. Polite questions are asked with could, may, and would. You can also ask for advice in shops using should. Shopping for a Sweater Shop assistant: May I help you?Customer: Yes, Im looking for a sweater. Shop assistant: What size are you?Customer: Im an extra large. Shop assistant: Would you like a plain sweater or something else?​Customer: Im looking for a plain blue sweater. Shop assistant: How about this one?Customer: Yes, thats nice. Could I try it on? Shop assistant: Certainly, the changing rooms are over there.Customer: Thank you. (goes into a changing room to try on the sweater) Shop assistant: How does it fit?Customer: Its too large. Do you have a large? Shop assistant: Yes, here you are. Would you like to try it on to see if it fits?Customer: No thats Okay. Thank you. Ill take it. Im also looking for some nice slacks. Shop assistant: Great. We have some very nice wool slacks over here. Would you like to take a look?Customer: Yes, thanks for your help.   Shop assistant: What are your measurements?Customer: Im a 38 waist and a 32 inseam. Shop assistant: What do you think about these?Customer: Theyre nice, but Id prefer cotton trousers if you have them. Shop assistant: Certainly, our summer slacks collection is over here. How about these?Customer: Yes, I like those. Do you have them in grey as well? Shop assistant: Yes, heres a pair. You said you the measurements are 38 by 32, didnt you?Customer: Yes, thats correct. Ill go try them on. Shop assistant: Let me know if you need any help.​Customer: Thank you. (comes back) These are great. So, that makes one sweater and a pair of grey slacks. Shop assistant: ​OK, how would you like to pay?Customer: Do you take credit cards? Shop assistant: Yes, we do. Visa, Master Card, and American Express.Customer: OK, heres my Visa. Shop assistant: Thank you. Have a nice day!Customer: Thank you, goodbye. Key Vocabulary Phrases Could / May I help you?Could I try it (them) on?How does it fit?How would you like to pay?Im looking for...Id prefer... Words Changing roomsSize - extra small, small, medium, large, extra large - Used with standard measurementsMeasurements - used with specific measurements for trousers, suits, etc.  Shop assistant/store clerkTrousers/Slacks/PantsWaist  Inseam  Credit cards Quiz Provide the missing word to fill in the gaps to complete this conversation with a store clerk.   Store clerk: Hello, _____  I help you find anything?​Customer: Yes, Im looking _____  a blouse and some matching trousers. Store clerk: Great. What _____  would you like?Customer: Im _____  for a white blouse and black trousers. Theyre for an important job interview. Store clerk: Okay. Please follow me to the business apparel section.Customer: Thanks for your help. Store clerk:  Its my pleasure. Do you see anything you like?​Customer: Yes, that blouse looks nice. Store clerk: What _____  are you?​Customer: Im a small. Now, lets take a look at the pants. Store clerk: These are nice. Would you like to _____  them on?Customer: Do you have anything else? Store clerk: Yes, we also have these trousers.Customer: I like those, Ill try those _____  . Store clerk: What are your _____  ?Customer: I have a 26 waist and 32 inseam. Store clerk: Heres a pair. Would you like to try them on?Customer: Yes, wheres the _____  ? Store clerk: You can try them on over there.Customer: Thank you. (tries the clothing on, walks out of the changing room to show the store clerk) What do you think? Store clerk: You look fantastic! Im sure youll get that job!Customer: Thanks! Ill take them. Store clerk: Would you like to _____  by cash or by credit card?Customer: _____  , please. Heres my visa card. Store clerk: Thank you. That will be $145. Answers May/could/canForColorSizeTryOnMeasurementsChanging roomPayCredit card

Learning Disabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Disabilities - Essay Example The study consisted of a sample from seven schools of 1,361 consenting elementary students (678 girls, 683 boys; 55 with LD) of which data was collected two months into each semester beginning in the spring of 3rd grade and ending in the fall of 6th grade. All 55 (34 boys, 21 girls) of the children diagnosed with learning disabilities were in inclusive classrooms. The study included a meta-analysis of intra-group functioning, the features of the peer group in relation to its member size and its standing within the classroom, and 3 other components: being popular, peer nominations for best friend, and social preference. The results from the multiple measures of social functioning yielded that although LD students were members of a peer group with similar features as typical students, and at a similar rate, these students had lower statuses in regards to the classroom as a whole. These same distinctions remained consistent throughout the study period despite the fact that all classrooms were inclusive. Limitations of this study include the sample size of LD students and the certain context-elementary school-as these distinctions may fade in other areas or ages.

Assignment in Micro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Assignment in Micro economics - Essay Example In micro economics, both individuals and firms make choices on how to use limited economic resources to meet their consumption and production factions respectively (Armstrong, Kervenoael and Read, 1998). Graph of relationship between the three situations above, Where MR=Marginal Revenue, AR=Average Revenue and MC=Marginal Cost. The output is represented by Q while price by P. A monopoly may want to reduce out put from Q1=17.5units to Q3=25units so that he can sell at a higher price P3=$35 (Asian Development Bank, 2002). However, economies of scale substitution may arise leading to a shift in marginal cost from MC1 to MC2 (Pirayoff, 2004).This shift may cause an increase in monopolist out put from Q1=17.5 Units to Q2=40 units. Leading to a decrease in price from a competitive price to a lower price P2=$30 despite the availability of a monopoly price =$35 (Brakman and Heijdra, 2004). (b)A gardener states that for only $1 in seeds, she has been able to grow over $20 produce-enormous profits. Do you agree or disagree with her/ explain. Yes I agree with her because if she was operating in a monopolistic competition, it is possible to earn enormous profits in the short run as shown in the diagram below (Garner and Short, K2009). Based on computations, it can be scrutinized that, a fraction of 50 Sam Adam bear: 50bowls of clam chowder will maximize Kerry’s Utility which occurs as a result of consumption between Pints of Adam Samuel bear and bowls of Legal Seafood’s famous clam cbowder (Frank, and Bernanke, 2003). Armstrong, H, De Kervenoael, R, Li, X, & Read, R 1998, A comparison of the economic performance of different micro-states, and between micro-states and.., World Development, 26, 4, p. 639, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 4 December 2012. Garner, T, and Short, K 2009, Accounting for owner-occupied dwelling services: Aggregates and distributions, Journal Of Housing Economics, 18, 3, pp. 233-248, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 4

Business Law Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Law Final Exam - Assignment Example This was an interference with prospective contractual relationship. Business usually come up with many schemes for attracting customers, which is a good, part of competition, however it is usually a tort when a business endeavors to improve its place in the market by interfering with another business in an improper and unreasonable way. E-Z acted in an unreasonable and improper way towards Extracto. The court can find proper interference in this case. The existence of an underlying contract is not needed for this tort; however, Emo can show intentional and improper interference by E-Z that prevents the formation of contract between him and a third party- Extracto. Interference with another person contractual relation is tortuous if there is a reasonable likelihood and probability that a contract would have resulted. If Elmo sued Jo and E-Z based on the lies, he would base his claim on theory of tortious interference also known as intentional interference with contractual relation. Th is theory states that improperly interfering with the performance of a contract is a tort. To recover under this theory, Elmo should show that Jo and E-Z acted inappropriately and with no privilege, acted deliberately and with wickedness with the intention to harm-to cost him the job with Extracto, to induce a third party (Extracto) not to go into a business relationship him and caused him financial injury. If Elmo sues Jo over the ad, he would be suing for compensation of damages because of fraudulent or intentional misrepresentation.

Television in modern society has more negative effects than positive Outline

Television in modern society has more negative effects than positive effects. Discuss - Outline Example promoting truthfulness and as a source of highlighting societal issues and problems but with the passage of time, it evolved into the form of a central piece of global politics. Nobody is really concerned about the reality and everybody is casting his or her votes on the basis of a whim. The whim that is created in public by media (Jansen, Zhang, Sobel, & Chowdury, 2009) and the so-called social workers are promoting their meaningless activities as beneficial acts for the society. The media and television has recently transformed into a curse rather than a blessing in the current point in time (Kietzmann, Hermkens, & McCarthy, 2011). The audience has to realize the fact that media is indeed promoting violence, untruthfulness and even sexism in the youngsters in order to get higher ratings. Based on the above argument, it can be established that parents must intervene in the lives of their children on a deep level so that the damage that is done by media can be controlled and managed accordingly. Jansen, B., Zhang, M., Sobel, K., & Chowdury, A. 2009. Twitter power: Tweets as electronic word of mouth. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Vol 60 No. 1,

Viral Marketing Campaign for the Movie Cloverfield Essay

Viral Marketing Campaign for the Movie Cloverfield - Essay Example The marketing for this movie was solely based on exploiting the adventurous instinct of the humans and a deliberate effort was made to create an environment that greatly boost the chances of the movie to do good on the box office and it did. Many sites on the internet boasted the marketing campaign of the movie which many termed as mouth watering technique to money and consumers closer to you. The recent presidential campaign of Barak Obama is also dubbed as viral marketing technique to raise funds for his electoral campaign as he has been able to better the fund raising efforts more than the money making machine of Clintons’. Thus no technique, no source has been more effective and efficient than viral marketing in terms of exploiting the social bond between people. In a world where community concepts are being limited to the FACEBOOK.COM and ORKUT.COM virtual spaces, viral marketing is something which have the power to tap the changing social structures of the society. So what actually Viral Marketing is? The subsequent section will discuss about it so be prepared to read about one of the most fascinating tricks of modern corporate world Viral Marketing is a technique which uses already existing social networks to produce and increase awareness of a brand or to achieve other marketing objectives through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of Pathological and computer viruses. In its essence, viral marketing is marketing phenomenon where people use to spread word of mouth for a product or service and it spreads, it tend to get much bigger and bigger in its scope and influence. This kind of viral marketing can take place through various means mainly through the use of internet. The sources on internet include video clips, flash games, eBooks etc. since most of these tools are feely available to most of the people using them therefore it becomes fun and adventure to follow the marketing techniques

Politica Science - society and state in contemporary russia Essay

Politica Science - society and state in contemporary russia - Essay Example A democracy can broadly be defined as a government that has been set up by the people which essentially means that all people living under that government should be entitled to have their opinion considered in everything that affects their lives. Furthermore, democracy can also be exercised directly or indirectly through which people elect their representatives. In light of this, it is absurd that two decades down the line despite the dissolution of USSR president Yeltsin failed to horn our promise to better democracy and improve the lives of Russian citizens. This just proves that Russia is still categorized as one of the authoritarian states in Europe. As much as most of the leaders have improved the country’s economic status both domestic and international policies it is believed that from the essays â€Å"not free† a lot of factors have hindered Russia’s democracy development (Motyl 2005). For the first time power within Kremlin changed through the 2000, elec tion this process not only took place but was conducted according to the constitution more than two thirds of the eligible voters participated. They appeared to be well informed of choices to make. However, up to now Russian political conditions do not meet the criteria of democracy; a political framework must be adopted to understand democracy adequately (Chomsky, et al 2003). Some political analysts such as Joseph Schumpeter describes democracy as an institutional arrangement for arriving at a political decision that help politicians in the acquisition of the power necessary for them to decide by way of their struggling to obtain votes from the citizens (Josephi 2010). Basically his definition may suggest that countries only differ in the degree to which institutional conditions are satisfied. Perhaps that is the reason why president Yeltsin ascended to power and failed to live up to his promises. Most Russians still point out that with the rioting on October 2nd the liberal regim e suppressed the angry communists. After a time period of approximately ten years since 23 Russian citizens lost their lives, the Russian government is still expounding on the myth that the crackdown was just to topple Mr. Yeltsin political opponents (Lucas 2009). This left many with the view that Mr. Yeltsin is a democratic hypocrite who never had the people’s interests at heart. All he had was his own vested interests. From that moment, descending from power without going to prison for him was inevitable; perhaps that is why he saw in an inherited presidency system as a scapegoat; perhaps that is why he ensured Mr. Vladimir Putin came to power (Marot 2012). When United Russia party chanced to win a working majority in the 2003 Russian Parliamentary elections, the Russian president Putin was seen to set out and attempt to critically undercut most of the opposition parties that were active in the country. He instigated changes in various electoral policies that allowed the go vernment to effectively manage to shut out a variety of the smaller political parties focusing mainly on those that had been perceived as being key advocates of liberal democracy. Other changes that were made caused it to become extremely difficult for parties to manage to field presidential candidates in a presidential ballot (Ethridge and Handelman 2012). Following the unexpected resignation of President Boris Yeltsin in 2000 Vladimir was assigned to

Viral Marketing Campaign for the Movie Cloverfield Essay

Viral Marketing Campaign for the Movie Cloverfield - Essay Example The marketing for this movie was solely based on exploiting the adventurous instinct of the humans and a deliberate effort was made to create an environment that greatly boost the chances of the movie to do good on the box office and it did. Many sites on the internet boasted the marketing campaign of the movie which many termed as mouth watering technique to money and consumers closer to you. The recent presidential campaign of Barak Obama is also dubbed as viral marketing technique to raise funds for his electoral campaign as he has been able to better the fund raising efforts more than the money making machine of Clintons’. Thus no technique, no source has been more effective and efficient than viral marketing in terms of exploiting the social bond between people. In a world where community concepts are being limited to the FACEBOOK.COM and ORKUT.COM virtual spaces, viral marketing is something which have the power to tap the changing social structures of the society. So what actually Viral Marketing is? The subsequent section will discuss about it so be prepared to read about one of the most fascinating tricks of modern corporate world Viral Marketing is a technique which uses already existing social networks to produce and increase awareness of a brand or to achieve other marketing objectives through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of Pathological and computer viruses. In its essence, viral marketing is marketing phenomenon where people use to spread word of mouth for a product or service and it spreads, it tend to get much bigger and bigger in its scope and influence. This kind of viral marketing can take place through various means mainly through the use of internet. The sources on internet include video clips, flash games, eBooks etc. since most of these tools are feely available to most of the people using them therefore it becomes fun and adventure to follow the marketing techniques

RFID Tags Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

RFID Tags - Assignment Example The pivotal reasons behind the adoption are high operating costs and numerous stakeholders for the delivery of services. One way to overcome these challenges is the effective use of RFIDCovered cost-benefits of the RFID are labor cost savings, reduction of inventory, reduction of capital expense, increase patient management and reduce operating cost. RFID provides accurate inventory. The replacement cost of the lab supplies can be reduced by RFID. Unnecessary rush orders and lost equipment can hamper the cost-benefit of the healthcare. The cost of the RFID technology is higher. The stolen or misplaced equipment means lost data and time-consuming. The access of lost clinical and financial records can be expensive. The use of RFID applications in the healthcare makes the process of tracking equipment and inventory quite easier (McDonnell & Sheard, 2012). It helps to provide accurate information of each item that is being tracked. The tracking of medical instruments is much more secure and efficient. The possibility of human error is reduced by the use of RFID. It is an automated technology that can quickly capture multiple assets with a single pass. Some problem in hardware can lead to lost financial and clinical data. The use of RFID can be expensive for small enterprises. The use of RFID in the healthcare helps to provide better protection to the vulnerable patients. RFID wrist bands are provided to patents to track their movement in the facility. The privacy of the consumers is recorded in the RFID tags. The common problem of RFID is tag collision. All the information of the patients is stored in the RFID chip and can only be viewed through company scanners. Some of the RFID tags that are used in the healthcare can be readable approximately to 100 meters. This eventually raises the privacy concern. Sensitive information can be collected by any unwilling source. The use of RFID technology can be highly adaptable

The Case of Old Family Bank Essay Example for Free

The Case of Old Family Bank Essay The interpretations of the case are valid in a sense that the situation of the employees are in complete grasp. However, the strategies needed to be enforced should look deeper into the situation. The strategy needed should be in a win-win standpoint wherein we improve the productivity while maintaining the stature of the bank itself. The case of the human resources at the Old Family Bank, simply put, could be analyzed as a case at which there is lacking motivation amongst its employees especially in the data processing unit. The electronic data-processing unit, based on the constraints of the case, presents the lowest loyalty towards the company. As a consultant, this is one of the major aspects that the management of the bank must work on. On the other hand, the check-sorting should be maintained at status quo in terms of loyalty improving strategies. Thus, increasing interaction between these two departments which both are important in the operations of the bank must be improved. The question of conflicting skill-based salaries may be lessened if both departments interact with each other. This would dictate the elimination of alienation between the workers. True, this may not be done overnight and there may be some time for things to catch up but this particular investment on manpower would serve as a positive reinforcement on the situation. Management could maintain working conditions in the data processing area and create shifts where both departments would interact (Hersey, Blanchard, Johnson, 2000). Old Family Bank could even profit from this by lessening operating costs while improving worker interaction (Leopold, 2002). The bank could also opt for team-building activities which could further strengthen the camaraderie within the bank. On the management side, they should promote an environment of fair and a conducive working place. By encouraging camaraderie within the management structure, they are also marketing a positive outlook towards their clients, making Old Family Bank not only the best place to bank but also the best place to work as well. Reference: Hersey, P., Blanchard, K. H., Johnson, D. E. (2000). Management of organizational behavior: leading human resources (8th ed ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Leopold, J. (2002). Human resources in organisations: Financial Times/ Prentice Hall.

Computerized Maintenance Management Systems :: essays papers

Computerized Maintenance Management Systems INTRODUCTION Facilities departments are under tremendous pressure to provide more information faster, and at a lower cost to the company. At the same time many companies have reduce staff to the bare minimum. Maintenance professional are presented with more difficult challenges today than at any previous point. The biggest obstacle of all confronting maintenance professionals is being forced to do more with fewer resources. Maintenance departments must deliver superior service, comply with regulatory requirements and provided detail financial accountably all within the confines of limited and/or reduce budgets. In order to meet these challenges, maintenance professionals are arming themselves with economical computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS). In recent years flexible, dependable and economical computerized maintenance management systems have become available to help fight the never-ending struggle to operate and maintain the built environment. But what are computerized maintenance management systems? They are management information systems that utilize the technologies of computers, telecommunications, etc. to executed the maintenance management processes and provide management with information for decisions making process. Work Identification Work Planning Work Scheduling Analysis History Recording Work Execution Like any other computerize information system it is made up of the following: a. hardware b. software c. data bases d. peripherals equipments e. train staff members We need to acknowledge at the outset that CMMS are not for every organization and that current research shows that as much as fifty percent of all CMMS start up have failed to pay back a meaningful return on investment after two years of operations. That is to say in many cases the heavy investment in CMMS information technologies have failed to live up to the much publicized benefits of automation and have delivered some disappointed results. So we do not want to give the impression that CMMS in themselves will cure all the ills of the profession and to advice against walking into the same technology trap that are endemic to the business community at large. In a rush to automate every job function that affects organizational efficiency and bottom line profits, many managers are overlooking important caveats inherent in all information technology implementations. This highlights the point that an organization needs to know how to find the right CMMS and how to implement and main tain the system. The decreasing costs of computer hardware, and the emerging power of microcomputers and software technologies, have disguised the question of feasibility.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay -- Pregnancy Neurology Medicine Papers

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of mental, physical, and behavioral defects that may develop in the unborn child when its mother drinks during pregnancy. These defects occur primarily during the first trimester when the teratogenic effects of the alcohol have the greatest effect on the developing organs. The symptoms associated with FAS have been observed for many centuries, but it was not until 1968 that Lemoine and his associates formally described these symptoms in the scientific literature, and again in 1973 when Jones and associates designated a specific pattern of altered growth and dysmorphogenesis as the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (Rostand, p. 302). The set of abnormalities characterized by Jones included; "intrauterine growth retardation, an unusual facies, psychomotor retardation, and a 25% incidence of congenital anomalies (especially cleft palate and cardiac malformations)" (Luke, p. 3330. The incidence of FAS world-wide, can be illustrated on the basis of the extre me to which the characteristics of mental, physical, and behavioral defects are exhibited in the newborn. Full characteristics are estimated to be present in 1.9 per 1,000 live births, and partial characteristics are evident in approximately 3-5 per 1,000 live births. The incidence of FAS increases dramatically when only alcoholic women are considered to 25 per 1,000 for full characteristics and as high as 90 per 1,000 for partial characteristics (Luke, p. 333). Currently, FAS is the most common cause of birth defects leading to mental retardation. Down’s Syndrome and spina bifida, the other two most common causes, can be identified and managed during pregnancy. Yet, FAS remains the only cause of retardation that is co... ... and Fetal Alcohol Effects". New York: Plenum Press (1984). p. 64. Feld, S. M. "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Prevention Through Education". Medical Student, 19(2), pp. 15-17. Gottesfeld, Z. and E. L. Abel "Maternal and Paternal Alcohol Use: Effects On The Immune System of the Offspring". Life Sciences, 48,1991, pp. 1-8. Kotch, L. E. and K. K. Sulik "Experimental Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Proposed pathogenic Basis for a Variety of Associated Facial and Brain Anomalies". American Journal of Medical Genetics, 44, 1992, pp. 168-176. Luke, B. "The Metabolic Basis of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome". International Journal of Fertility, 35(6), 1990, pp. 333-337. Walpole, I. et.al. "Low to Moderate Maternal Alcohol Use Before and During Pregnancy, and Neurobehavioural Outcome in the Newborn Infant". Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 33, 1991, pp. 875-883.

A Home Depot Analysis

Final Exam Questions 1a. The way that Nardelli laid out his plan for change was one of the reasons I think it was so successful. He came in and addressed the problems that were easy to point out and also the ones that weren’t apparent to other employees. Nardelli needed to rebuild an organization that could easily compete with other big names, and this was relatively easy because the people at Home Depot knew the importance of taking advantage of its growing size. Nardelli did this by implementing a three strategy plan that involved enhancing the core, extending the business, and expanding the market.Nardelli’s first step in the process was enhancing the core. This involved improving the profitability of current and future stores, as well as in existing markets. From the article Heart of Change, I think that Kotter’s first step, increase urgency, relates the most to Nardelli’s first step. Kotter describes his first step like this; â€Å"A sense of urgency , sometimes developed by very creative means, gets people off the couch, out of the bunker, and ready to move† (Cohen and Kotter 690) essay writer life hacks. I think that this is what Nardelli was trying to make happen in his first step for change.He needed the people of the company to see what the issues were, and make a point to say that if we stay where are now, we will fall behind in a few years. This sense of urgency and improvement was the right step to getting Home Depot employees to care and start to make the best change for the company. The first step leads right into Nardelli’s second step which was, extend the business. Nardelli’s purpose with this step was to get employees to come up with ways to better serve the customers. This was to not only enhance customer service, but to become a standout figure among competitors.This was probably one of the most important steps and I think that Nardelli implemented it very well. I related this step to Kotterâ €™s fifth step of empowering action. I chose this because Kotter outlines this step as â€Å"Key obstacles that stop people from acting on the vision are removed† (Cohen and Kotter 697). The obstacle that Nardelli needed to remove was the similarities between his company and competitors. He did this by offering related home improvement services such as tool rental and home installation of products. This set them apart and allowed them to overcome that â€Å"obstacle† and continue to move forward.I think that this was the most important step because it represents the major ‘bump in the road’ that Home Depot needed to overcome in order to continue to keep growing. The final step in Nardelli’s plan was expanding the market. This was one of the easiest steps to correlate to Kotter because I think that it made the most sense, without specifically saying that same thing. Kotter’s seventh step of don’t let up is described as this; â€Å" a change effort will have direction and momentum†¦ build on this momentum and make a vision a reality†. (Cohen and Kotter 700).The whole point of Nardelli’s third step is to take what they have learned and implemented in the company thus far and expand geographically, even serve new kinds of customers. This was his way of carrying the momentum of success out as far as it could go, and making sure that Home Depot didn’t let their success slip through their fingers. This a very good move on Nardelli’s part, and attracting new customers such as commercial contractors and even women, made a huge impact on the overall morale, and success of the store. The only thing that I would have suggested Kotter adds to his plan, was the implementation of metrics.The Home Depot article talks about how in the beginning there was some harsh resistance to the change, â€Å"Resistance to the changes was fierce, particularly from managers: Much of the top executive team l eft during Nardelli’s first year† (Charan 64). Nardelli did use metrics, and they did make a difference. However, I think that if he had made them a part of his plan and used them earlier in the process they would have made an impression on the executives that did end up leaving. If Nardelli had used metrics I think that they would have correlated with Kotter’s fourth step, communicate for buy-in.This is described as â€Å"simple heartfelt messages sent through many unclogged channels† (Cohen and Kotter 697). Those metrics were the heartfelt messages that needed to be expressed to get people motivated even sooner. With my suggestion Nardelli’s plan should have looked like the following: Enhance the Core, Express Metrics, Extend the Business and Expand the market. Overall, I think that Nardelli did an excellent job, and that taking my advice, would have only yielded better results. 1b. When Nardelli first arrived at Home Depot, the culture was one th at was very close-knit and family oriented.I chose this term to describe the culture because the former CEO and chairman were often thought of as father figures by other employees; â€Å"Many employees simply couldn’t picture this company without these father figures† (Charan 63). When reading the article about Home Depot, there was one specific sentence that stood out to me because it described the pre-Nardelli culture very well, â€Å"It was marked by and entrepreneurial high-spiritedness, a willingness to take risks; a passionate commitment to customers, colleagues, the company, and to the community; and an aversion to anything that felt bureaucratic or hierarchical† (Charan 62-63).Looking specifically at this description of the culture, I can find characteristics that relate directly to low-context cultures, as well as to O’Reily, Chatman and Caldwell’s Cultural Characteristics. I came to the conclusion that the culture at Home Depot was a low- context culture specifically because high-context cultures are based largely on hierarchy. According to our class notes on culture low-context cultures are described as â€Å"cultures that focus on that which is explicit. People are specific and clear in their communication† (Culture Notes 1).This description fits the culture of Home Depot, not only because it strays away from hierarchy, but also because it was very much based on entrepreneurship; which requires specific and clear communication. I believe that the entrepreneurial high-spiritedness that is described above contributes to the feeling of a family oriented and close knit company. Relating the culture to the cultural characteristics of O’Reily, Chatman and Caldwell was relatively easy as well. Specifically there were three characteristics that stood out to me: innovation and risk taking, attention to detail, and people orientation.I chose these because of the way the culture is described. Innovation and risk taking is described as the degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks. Not only was it said outright that this was a characteristic of the company, but I feel as though the close-knit environment promoted this kind of thinking; making everyone feel comfortable and open to sharing their ideas. Attention to detail was not as direct as the previous example, but I related this to the description of entrepreneurial high-spiritedness.Attention to detail is described as the degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis and attention to detail. This definition drew me to lean towards entrepreneurship because I thought that all of the qualities listed are qualities that would be necessary to be a successful entrepreneur. Again, these are all characteristics that thrive in a close-knit family style culture. Finally, I chose people orientation. This is described as the degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.This definition not only relates to the passionate commitment to customers, colleagues, the company, and to the community part of the description, but it also relates to the definition of low context culture. I know that specifically people orientation talks about people within the company, but I think that part of the reason Home Depot was so successful was that it reached outside of the company to impact people’s lives. Lastly, a major part of the low-context culture definition is that people are specific and clear in their communication, and I believe that people orientation would not be successful if this were not a major factor.The pre-Nardelli culture was very easy to define, and point out specific aspects that made it easy to describe and compare. When talking about the post-Nardelli culture, the only thing that really stood out to me was a difference in the feel of the culture. By this I mean specifically it went from a c lose-knit, family style culture, to a big corporation style that is highly focused on building the organization to take advantage of its outrageous growth. Instead of focusing specifically on the people in and outside of the community, this post culture was a focus on merchandising and collaboration between regional and store operators.Everything was on a larger scale, and even little thinks such as shelf organization and signage were standardized and enhanced, so they were able to stay on the playing field with competitors such as Wal-Mart. While I think that this doesn’t change the fact that it is a low-context culture, because there is still a focus on people and communication and an avoidance of hierarchy, I do think that it changes some of the relatable characteristics of O’Reily, Chatman, and Caldwell’s cultural characteristics.I do not think that they lost innovation and risk taking, attention to detail and people orientation, but simply that the focus wa s significantly diminished. Instead a focus on team orientation and aggressiveness was emphasized. Team orientation is defined in our notes as the degree to which work activities are organized around teams rather than individuals. While the pre culture wasn’t so individually focused that it was everyman for himself, it’s that the post culture needed teams to make sure that all of the new projects like, merchandizing and reevaluation of the store environment, were successful.Finally for the post culture, there was a definite lean toward aggressiveness, which is defined in our notes as the degree to which people are aggressive and competitive rather than easygoing. I do not think that in the pre culture that they were quite on the level of stability from our culture notes, but that Nardelli promoted an environment that allowed people to be assertive and aggressive towards achieving more growth. For the most part I thought that pre- and post-Nardelli cultures were very si milar, minus the shift in focus from family business, to large corporation.

Character Analysis of Scout

Jean Louise Finch, or Scout, is the novel's narrator and principal character. She is a unique and remarkable character who does not quite fit in, or do what is expected of young girls in 1930s Alabama. Readers will note that Scout at the end of the novel is very different from Scout at the beginning and this is because she has developed so much as a character. At the start of the novel, she is a determined, spirited tomboy; she loves wearing trousers. She spends most of her time with Jem, her brother and Dill, her friend who visits every summer.She can't bear to be reminded that she is a girl and she is often excluded from the boys' games because she is a girl. At times, being a girl makes her very lonely- she has no mother, sisters or female friends her own age. She tries to solve all problems by fighting and it takes her a long time to follow her father's advice and learn to fight with her head instead of her fists. Her bad temper is possibly her greatest flaw. She also stands out from the crowd because she is very clever. She can read the newspaper before she starts school and she can't even remember when started to read.Her knowledge of law is remarkable for her age. She is also outspoken, and this gets her into trouble with Miss Caroline on her first day at school. She is stubborn and strong-willed, and this means she clashes with people who have authority over her- Calpurnia, Miss Caroline, Aunt Alexandra. she does not disobey her father, but she certainly challenges him and tries to get around him. However, Atticus always gets around her in the end. Scout grows and develops immensely in the course of the novel.Early in the novel, she believes all the rumors that she hears around Maycomb and picks up many of Maycomb's attitudes- Boo is a phantom, Mr Dolphus Raymond is evil, black people are only ‘niggers' and Atticus should not defend them. She also learns to become more accepting of her femininity. For some, it may seem that she gives into Aunt Ale xandra's pressure to be a lady. In the final chapter, we see that the rebellious little tomboy who fights with her fists has made way for a thoughtful, wise, mature and experienced young lady.

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay

In Peter Singer’s 1972 article titled â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality†, he suggests that wealthy nations have an ethical duty to contribute much more than they do to other nations who are suffering through a natural disaster, extreme poverty, famine or other issues. In this paper, I will describe Singers objective and give his argument with regards to this issue. I will describe three counter-arguments to Singer’s view which he addresses, and after that reveal Singer’s reactions to those counterarguments. I will explain Singer’s idea of marginal utility and also differentiate how it pertains to his argument. I will compare how the ideas of duty and charity alter in his suggested world. To conclude, I will provide my own position in response to Singer’s argument. The primary objective of Singer’s article is to express that we as people have the capacity to assist those in dire need as it is our moral duty to do so. He uses the disaster in East Bengal as an example. â€Å"Continuous poverty, a cyclone, and a civil war have turned a minimum of 9 million people into abandoned refugees; nonetheless, it’s not beyond the capability of the wealthier countries to provide sufficient help to decrease further suffering to very small proportions (Singer 1972). He thinks that there’s no reason at all for individuals to suffer if other people have the ability to assist and prevent it from happening or getting worse. It’s our moral responsibility to modify our way of living so as to achieve this important objective. They are overcrowded, hungry, dehydrated and need medical attention. Singer believes that we have the resources to decrease the suffering and pain yet we disregard the problem and do nothing at all, which can be immoral. We should modify our opinions of morality so as to develop a dedication to helping people in dire need. Singer provides counter-arguments in his work which I will talk about here. He offers his readers a scenario which involves a drowning kid and a witness. Most people would try to save the kid since it’s the â€Å"right† action to take. Singer proposes that this duty happens since lots of people know that a drowning kid is considered very bad and outweighs the fact they you have to get your clothes muddy and wet. The counter-argument in this situation proposes that because I am not the only individual seeing this event, why is it my duty to do something positive about it? Why must it be my ethical responsibility to assist this kid in case nobody else is doing anything regarding it? Singer explains, â€Å"In case it’s in our power to avoid something bad from occurring, without thereby compromising anything of comparable moral significance, we should, morally, to do it (1972). † He thinks that we are able to do what’s right however we should decide to do what’s right even when everybody else decides not to. Singer also touches on whether our moral responsibilities must be restricted to distance. The counter-argument in this instance proposes that because these suffering people are so far away, why is it my moral responsibility to help them instead of using it in my own area? According to Singer, â€Å"It makes no ethical difference whether the individual I can assist is a neighbor’s kid 10 yards from me or a Bengali whose name I shall never know, 10,000 miles away (pg. 232). † It’s still our moral obligation to do what’s right. Is it morally appropriate to discriminate against a suffering individual just due to their distance? Singer suggests, â€Å"In case we accept any rule of impartiality, universalizability, equality, or whatever, we can’t discriminate against somebody just because he is far away from us (or we are far off from him) (pg. 232)†. A person’s distance must not restrict our moral duties. Singer believes that everybody must give when it’s required. Many people are not contributing, so how much must I give without making myself or my loved ones worse off? The counter-argument here is whether to give more than can cause financial stuggle. He discusses the probability of contributing to the point of marginal utility. As Singer states â€Å"Because the situation seems to be that not many people are likely to give considerable sums, it makes sense that I and everybody else in similar conditions must give as much as possible, that is, at least up to the level at which by giving more one would start to cause acute suffering for oneself and one’s dependents-perhaps even beyond this level to the stage of marginal utility, at which by giving more one would cause oneself and one’s loved ones just as much suffering as one would prevent in Bengal† (pg. 234). To conclude, we all must give as much as possible so long as it doesn’t cause us to suffer in the process. Singer proposes that responsibility and charity is our ethical duty. We â€Å"ought† to assist unknown people in need of assistance if we are capable to and that it would be morally incorrect not to contribute. We must put on our old clothes instead of purchasing new ones just for the simple truth that you want to be well dressed. Duty and charity change in this future world since in this era, many people won’t give up certain luxuries so as to give to other people. Most people are selfish and would prefer to indulge in the finer matters in life rather than worry about contributing their hard earned bucks to other people in need of assistance. Individually, I support Singer’s point for many reasons. I do think that we must assist people in need when we are capable of doing so as long as it does not cause us to suffer financially. I agree that a few luxuries must be overlooked if it implies that a life can be saved. In case we were suffering or in an identical condition, would we wish or expect assistance? I agree that it’s the correct thing to do morally. I don’t believe that we must discriminate against a suffering person simply because that individual isn’t in our society. The life of an individual is invaluable and must come first of all. To conclude, Singer’s primary point is that it is our moral obligation to assist other people in times of need with regards to medical care, food, shelter or reconstruction. I agree that we must contribute our money and time to assist other people if it doesn’t create a bad impact on our own lives. In this era, lots of people are selfish as well as greedy and don’t usually stop to take into consideration other people in need of assistance. People need to understand that there are lots of people around suffering and may ultimately pass away if they don’t get the assistance they need as well as deserve. I agree that it is our moral duty to assist any person in urgent need even when it’s an individual thousands of miles away.

Disaster Response Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Disaster Response Plan - Research Paper Example The generic term used for risk management techniques is the disaster control plan or DCP. Out of these early attempts to help lessen the adverse effects of a disaster led to forming of the so-called incident command system (ICS). This system was originally used by cities as a fire-management tool because it was found to be effective. This effectiveness was based on a proven organizational structure that used descriptive terminology that is both comprehensive and powerful but still easy to understand by most people (Woodworth, 2010, p. 1). However, the ICS was expanded and integrated into the national incident management system (NIMS). Although more comprehensive, the NIMS is still largely centered on operationalizing of ICS at the time a disaster strikes. The big purpose is to avoid chaos and confusion that can lead to more serious consequences during and after a disaster. Another key part of the NIMS is the emergency operations center (EOC) that takes care of details such as putting a logistics center, emergency medical services team (EMS) or the triage area (Hogan & Burstein, 2007, p. 147). The EOC will be tasked with activating the emergency operations plan (EOP). With today’s terrorist threats hanging over the horizon, the idea of the NIMS is to give local emergency personnel the training and knowledge to treat emerging or potential disasters an all-hazards context. The idea is to treat each disaster as a worst-case scenario so that local responding emergency personnel are not caught flat-footed when arriving at the scene. Taken in another perspective, it is better to be fully prepared for the worst than arrive unprepared for the sheer scale or magnitude of a disaster if one underestimates the scope of the disaster. Even a minor disaster at first glance should be treated as a potential major disaster if mishandled as things can easily escalate and maybe even get out of hand. The lead agency

Dissertation progress report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dissertation progress report - Essay Example One may assume that the topic that I have chosen for undertaking research studies is a pretty simple one and that anyone could simply refer a few editorials in the newspapers and journals and come up with the requisite dissertation. In fact, I strongly believed that this was a good way to conduct my research as I had access to excellent library and archive facilities in the University in addition to being under the able guidance of my supervisors, who have always been extremely supportive and understanding at all times and have acted as true guides at all times. But, as the rest of this report will go to show, I am of the firm belief that opinions and the actual facts will never be highlighted in either newspapers or journals. I have strongly understood over the years that the facts and information presented in the newspapers are merely the opinions of the writers, at least in a majority of whatever gets printed in the form of articles and that the real facts are largely subdued or remain unheard. Therefore, I felt the need that something concrete had to be done in order to get to the real facts and upon analysis, I came to the conclusion that rather than rely solely on literary sources, it would be better for me to get to the people who have been feeling this hatred against the west. I strongly believed that getting to know them, the conditions and events that have come to characterize their lives over these years and the reasons for them to blame the west for all this. The undertaking of any such activity in this regard, especially in the form of a public survey really seemed as if it would bolster the quality of my research even though I knew that I would have to travel to countries that are considered to be dangerous and unsafe especially for people from western countries.But, before I proceeded with any such activity, I needed to make sure that I was on the right path and this required me to do a lot of groundwork so as to allow myself to generate an action plan for my research activities. This, I felt could be done by attending seminars and conferences, which I had not done before due to personal reasons. Therefore, I made it a point to attend all such conferences that discussed about the topic of 'Anti westernism' in detail. Due to my inability to be able to shift to Paris owing to personal reasons, I had made arrangements with my supervisors to work on a part-time basis. But, even then, the thought of my new approach propelled me up and I have been on it over the last few months.Primarily, I began to attend th e conferences and seminars that were conducted regularly at SOAS, which stands for- 'The School of Oriental and African Studies'. The various seminars and conferences that have helped me design a road plan for my research are listed below: "Attitudes towards Reform and Western Integration: Comparing Late 19th-Century lema and Early 21st-Century Kemalists" by Mr. Zafer Yoruk. "The Justice and Development Party: Still Searching for Security and Legitimacy" by Prof. Ihsan Dagi. 'Turkey's Accession Process' by Ambassador Michael Lake, Former EU Ambassador in Turkey (1991-98). "The Prospects for Cyprus post-Annan and Turkey's Accession Decisi' by Andrew Dismore, MP From the subjects of the seminars that have been listed above, I can say conclusively that I got a fair idea of the major

Key Features Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Key Features - Assignment Example The literature Review conducted by the authors is exhaustive and in-depth. The sources that were used by the authors are reliable. However, the authors should not have used sources that are older than ten years. The reason is that approaches to conducting research have changed over the years. In addition, old sources might have outdated information. As a result, basing the conclusion on such sources might make the journal to be deemed as unreliable. Nevertheless, the fact that the authors used varying sources from different fields reduces the level of biases. In addition, the sources are from credible organizations and institutions of higher learning. All sources that were used in this study emanates from the relevant fields. As a result, the information in them can be used to make an in-depth conclusion. The authors are trying to find out different work health and safety issues that affect the young people and the most effective solutions. They were trying to determine whether these issues have an effect on young people’s performance in their workplaces. Nevertheless, other articles clearly state the research questions rather than include it in the objective. This is important in ensuring that the article is clear. Ethical Consideration The authors ought to have sought ethical approval from the organizations. The young respondents that were used in this study were working in the organizations. As a result, a credible study should seek permission to interview or use some of the employees in the study.

American Missionaries in East Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

American Missionaries in East Asia - Essay Example to teach formal education and sensitize the Koreans about the capitalism rule that was befalling Asia in 1800s since there were local schools, already established before missionaries’ arrival, though it only offered informal education to woman and girls (Hyaeweol 78). This was during the era of Tokugawa. They used educational institution to influence the feminist in Japan and china who did not believe in Christianity. Research exercises conducted by Korean missionaries focused only on political and theological matters, taking little considerations on matters pertaining to gender. Missionaries learned that the Korean women were rising up from their hibernation state and were looking aggressively for something to keep them occupied. They contrasted between the valueless world characterized by limited Christian concepts and a Christian world which was peaceful, optimistic and morally pure (Hyaeweol 94). Though the missionaries still believed that a woman’s place is in the traditional home setting, they also believed that women should not be restrained by traditional boundaries within a household. Therefore, they used educational institutions to encourage Korean women to take part in formal education where new ideas could be introduced to them, especially ideas of definite career fields like medicine, sports and other professional fields, which were conventionally unachievable to Korean women. In this regard, education institutions were the best option for missionaries in their efforts of reach out to Korean women. Apart from training the professionally, missionaries also wanted to portray out that formally educated women were liberated and modern. During their early times in East Asia, missionaries used â€Å"enlightened† western woman as an example of enticing Koreans into accept the modernized way of living. Typically, western women were perceived as being inherently enlightened as they were well versed with affairs around the world. Western women actively

History paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

History paper - Essay Example Children’s Rights narrates the story of the horrible neglect of children by responsible elders and the cruelty inflicted on them. It also tells us how the lawmakers finally realized the need to protect the children, both physically and mentally. Mary Ellen’s case in 1874 is taken in this book as a fine example of the extent to which child abuse can reach. Born to an immigrant woman, the baby Ellen’s fate was to grow under the carelessness of different mothers, finally ending up in the cruel hands of Frances Conolly. She could not know even the warmth of a kiss, or caress, her body carried the bruises of perpetual whipping, starved beyond imagination, and could not even see the sunlight. A social worker, Etta Angel Wheeler, who discovered the plight of Mary Ellen, failed to get help either from police or from any charitable institutions to rescue the child, as they wanted legal proof. â€Å"Though social workers often witnessed scenes of cruelty, poverty, and gri ef, Wheeler found Mary Ellen’s plight especially horrifying†, says the writer (Stevens). Finally it was the founder of American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Henry Berg, who came to her aid. The child was considered as a living animal, which was subjected to cruelty, and a case was registered with enough proof. Mary lived a decent life thereafter. Conolly was punished and the world opened its eyes to protect the children from abuses. Thus Children’s Rights reflects the utter ignorance of the society and the government on a very vital issue. The Needless War with Spain shows America’s greed for aggressive and expansionist policies. It is about America’s involvement in the domestic affairs of Cuba. McKinley was the President of America at that period. He was a very weak President. If he had possessed the sharp political will, the war with Spain could have been avoided. But,

Describe the Benefits of a University Education Essay Example for Free

Describe the Benefits of a University Education Essay Describe the benefits of a university education With the society developing faster, more professional people are needed, the university education begins to play a role which has never been such important before. A variety of facts have already proved that, not only an individual person, but also the whole society benefit from the university education. The support of this essay is to discuss how university education affects the world. For the individual, firstly, university is one of the very places where he gains the most practical knowledge and cultivates the academic skills due to which he can feed himself as well as his family. Many investigations demonstrate that people who have the experience of studying in university as well as people with a Master degree or Doctoral degree live a higher quality of life than those who does not receive a university education. Secondly, university is also the very place where young adults firstly acquire their social skills. Researchers have found that the graduate from university always have better ability of carrying out different kinds of problems. As the modern universities are becoming more synthetic, what students can learn from university is beyond academic lore, it is a combination of different types of capability. The graduates are generally adept in the art of being a social animal, mastering the important ability such as to judge and to pardon. Furthermore, university education does the country great favor. Firstly, university education helps the society solve many thorny problems in a certain extent. To run a university needs not only professors and students but also many other staff to be responsible for the daily affairs. This requires a great numbers of people to attend work, providing more positions of job. Owning to this, the hard situation of employing can be eased. The less people without income to feed himself, the stronger psychological balance they will have, and the society will be more stable. Secondly, university education increases the averaged accomplishment of the society. Citizens may be more civilized after having further education, which will make them obey the law and regulation consciously. The more people accept further education, the deeper the spiritual civilization will immerse into the social atmosphere. This helps the society progress at a higher speed faster because more vigor can be made full use of to construct instead of to supervise and to manage. With qualified personnel outputted by university, the society can grow in a healthy way. In conclusion, university education is not only for university student, but also for different stratum of the country. University education supply knowledge to the learners as well as opportunities of surviving to the livelihood, since it benefits both the individual person and the whole society a lot, it is widely believed that the importance of university will continue increasing as the world grows.

The Wife of Bath Analysis

The Wife of Bath Analysis Chaucer is generally considered as the father of English poetry; looking specifically at The Canterbury Tales we can see that Chaucer attempted to portray a depiction of society as he knew it. It is also evident that he attempted to provide his own commentary on his society. Chaucer distances himself from the comments made in The Canterbury Tales as he tells his audience Blameth nat me (Chaucer, 2006, line 73) if they are to take offense from what the Miller says as it is not Chaucer, himself, saying it, he simply has too repeat what was said. This is a very clever technique that Chaucer uses so that he cant be faced with controversy or come under attack from any one as he has only repeated this tale. Chaucer would have had to ensure that his work did not offend those in the church, seeing as the church was the only place where literature was preserved. However Chaucer still attacks society, and the greed of the church amongst other social issues, by not personally saying it, he skilfully distances himself from the issues he highlights in this tales. Chaucer also manages to tactfully deal with these issues, resulting in highly enjoyable tale, which offers a social commentary on a society faced with corruption and hypocrisy. The Canterbury Tales was written in a time where an audible, social reading of literature (Ford, 1976, p86) was preferred, this is possibly because of the influence that the church had on Medieval Literature. One of the main reasons for this may be due to the church, as they supplied the only form of education, everyone at church would have been listened to preachers, and as preaching itself had throughout the Middle Ages a great influence on other literature of all sorts (Ford, 1976, p85) it is not unreasonable to assume that this is why oral forms of literature were preferred in the medieval period. The Canterbury Tales were written as thought hey were being spoken aloud, so they fit in well with this medieval trend. The language and diction used in both The Millers Tale and The Wife of Bath conforms to a plain, low style (King, 2000, p47). Chaucers dominant sentence structure is paratactic (King, 2000, p47); with a rhyme scheme consisting of couplets of iambic pentameters (King, 2 000, p47). The purpose of Chaucers use of language, allows both tales to be easily read aloud for a group of people, rather than just read alone. Aware of his language choices, Chaucer will have also been attempting to make the background story to The Canterbury Tales seem authentic. The narrator is telling these stories on a pilgrimage to Canterbury, so as we read the tales to ourselves we can get a sense of the pilgrimage, and the way these tales would have been told. Chaucer uses The Canterbury Tales as a social commentary. Through the general prologue we can see how he feels about whole sections of society by making individuals represent whole groups of medieval life (Bunting, 2003, p6). These representations slowly begin to build up an entire view of Chaucers life in the medieval period. The Canterbury Tales is famous for upsetting the social hierarchy. Despite the conventions, after the Knights tale is told at the very beginning the rest of the tales are not told in order of those with the higher social standing, as would be conventionally expected. Certain characters interrupt, pushing their tales over others, making The Canterbury Tale humorous as it does not follow the conventional order as som bettre man shal telle us first another (Chaucer, 2006, Line 21). Chaucer also satirises the medieval idea of romance, through the tales, he satirises courtly love, and how it is portrayed as being the ideal way to create a romance. The Millers Tale, in particular, satirises this concept as it is a parody romance (King, 2000, p73). This medieval concept is often found ridiculed in these tales. In the Wife of Bath she admits that I have wedded five! (Chaucer, 1995, line 44), if this had been a courtly love, surely it would have lasted and the Wife of Bath would not have been able to marry again, out of love for her previous husband. Absolon in the Millers Tale attempts to woo Alison using techniques expected of a courtly lover, however he fails to impress Alison and his efforts go unrecognised. Chaucer uses the literary convention of courtly love with Absolon to demonstrate just how ridiculous the efforts of the courtly lover can be, and how ridiculous it can be presented in literature. Chaucer is able to express some views on religion in the tales, even though he would have had to ensure that this was not a deliberate or obvious attack on the church. In the Millers Tale Absolon is satirised as the parish clerk (Chaucer, 2006, line 204) as That of no wyf took he noon offrynage (Chaucer, 2006, line 242). Chaucer also suggests that when Alison goes to church it is much more of a social outing, rather than a religious event. In the Wife of Bath the satire is directed at the sex obsessed and guilt-ridded attitudes of medieval christianity (Whittock, 1968, p121). The main social issue that Chaucer is seen to satirise in both these tales is the idea that women are repressed. Chaucer seemed able to perceive the genius and subtlety of the female mind in making the best of their situation in life, while still allowing the men to think they were in control (Bunting, 2003, p5). This is perhaps best envisioned in The Wife of Baths Prologue. She mentions her having had wedded five! (Chaucer, 1995, line 44). However she is able to defend this position that she is in as God says that to be wedded is no sinne (Chaucer, 1995, line 51), she also asks when God commanded he virgintee? (Chaucer, 1995, line 62). She speaks out against the church and what they are saying in the medieval period, where women were given two stereotypes, either compared to the treacherous Eve, or had to live up to the standards of the Virgin Mary with her being both a virgin and a mother this was an impossible role model for women to achieve. The Wife of Bath is unashamedly a larger than life character designed to squash the constraints that medieval Christianity have placed upon women. She is a matriarchal figure who has declared war on mankind (Whittock, 1968, p119) Chaucer uses the Wife of Bath to defend womankind. Chaucer looks at the relationship between the two sexes, as it is often perceived that women were always the weaker of the two, due to all the constraints put upon them from the Medieval church. However Chaucer seems to argue that not only do they not deserve this, but that women are cleverly able to control men, by subtlety manipulating them, however they exist in a masculine world so self-satisfied, or stupid to realise it (Bunting, 2003, p45). The Wife of Baths tale itself sees an important moral message, Chaucer cleverly places behind the shadow of the Wife of Bath. Faced with the issue of what women desire, the Knight concludes that: Wommen desiren have sovereynetee As wel over hir housbond as hir love, And for to been in maistrie hym above. (Chaucer, 1995, lines 1038-1041) The moral hides not behind the fact that women desire equality, the tale condemns the desire for mastery (Whittock, 1968, p126). When the Knight allows the woman to be independent and gives her the choice to be with him, he does not force his will upon her, resulting in an ideal relationship between the two. Chaucer demonstrates that possessing a woman can bring no man joy, out of fear that they will end up a cokewold (Chaucer, 1995, line 1214). When the woman chooses the Knight Chaucer shows that woman should have the right to choose their husband too, and more importantly he shows that when this happens this creates the best marriage. With the Wifes constant use of plural, it dissolves her individual situation into a general female experience (Saunders, 2001, p292) emphasising that this is a universal problem for all women in the medieval period. In the Millers Tale Alison manages to secure a victory at the end, being the only character not punished for her actions. She is able to manipulate Nicholas into thinking that she was doing him a favour by sleeping with him, however it is obvious throughout the tale that it is mutually beneficial for both of them. She manages to escape her narwe (Chaucer, 2006, line 116) cage (Chaucer, 2006, line 116). Both the Wife of Bath and Alison demonstrate that Chaucer definitely approved of women being treated as equal to men, allowing them to choose their own destiny, he also held them in high regard for their ability to overcome the fact that they were used as a commodity by men by quietly controlling small issues, eventually helping their own trapped and difficult situation. However it can be argued that although the Wife of Bath was a vehicle for satirising male attitude (Whittock, 1968, p121), but also to satirise female attitudes (Whittock, 1968, p121). She is a grotesque personification of all the undesirable traits found in women. While she argues that God has never forbidden marriage, and that she is actually doing a good thing by following her owene juggement (Chaucer, 1995, line 68), she then contradicts her arguments for marrying five times by wondering why members maad of generacion (Chaucer, 1995, line 116) were made and argues that they were nat maad for noght (Chaucer, 1995, line 118). This statement suggests that she marries for sex and lustful thoughts, not for the ideal love. The Wife of Bath is every anti feminists dream come true (Cooper, 1983, p76). It is argued that Chaucer uses the Wife of Bath to make these arguments against the church and male dominance as she is sexually predatory, extravagantly dressed, ultra sensitive to social positions and worst of all irresistible attractive (Cooper, 1983, p76). She is over indulgent, and it is often suggested that she has married her husbands for reasons other than love, something both the church and society frowned upon, regardless of gender. Alison is described by Chaucer using a heavy amount of animal imagery, suggesting that she is in fact an animal, with uninhibited desires and wild attitudes. She is also described with a high undertone of sexuality, again suggesting her unmanageable sexuality. This is not a woman who would be expected to dispute the controlling power men hold over them; although neither does the Wife of Bath, yet in both Tales women secure a victory, albeit a small one, against the men in their lives. Suggesting that Chaucer is not only trying to give women a disguised victory, but shows that in every undesirable position you find yourself in there will always be a small victory to be had. Chaucer is viewed as inheritor of a great tradition as well as the inventor of a new one (Saunders, 2001, p5) he stuck to particular conventions of the medieval period, and is work is characteristically medieval. He is also held in high regard as he invents a whole new way of tackling many of the medieval literary and social issues that he did not agree with in this social commentary. Chaucer has contributed highly to literary criticism as he produced a prose narrative that is clearly medieval in its style and delivery, however its message provides a strong moral message, and a social commentary on a society that without literature we would not know how society worked and what people thought about it without Chaucers work providing a social commentary and literary criticism.